Class 6 Social Science Chapter 14 Notes Economic Activities Around Us
→ Monetary Value: This means how much something is worth in terms of money.
→ Economic Sectors: These are big groups of different activities that help a country do well economically.
→ Primary Sector: This includes activities that involve getting raw materials directly from nature, like farming, fishing, and forestry.
→ Secondary Sector: This involves taking raw materials from the primary sector and turning them into products that can be sold or used.
→ Warehouses: These are large buildings where products are kept before they are sold or sent to stores.
→ Tertiary Sector: This includes services that support both the primary and secondary sectors, such as transportation, banking, and business management.
→ Dairy: A place where milk is collected and kept.
→ Cooperative: A group of people who come together to meet their needs in a formal way. and make decisions together.
→ Middlemen: People who buy goods from producers and sell them to customers, earning $a$ fee for their service.
→ Pasteurisation: Heating milk to a certain temperature to kill harmful bacteria and keep it safe.
→ Factory: A building or group of buildings where products are made or assembled.
→ Retail: Selling goods in small amounts directly to customers for their own use.
→ Export: Goods and services made in one country and sold to people in another country.
Learning Objectives
- Classification of Economic Activities into Economic Sectors
- Primary Activities
- Secondary Activities
- Tertiary Activities
- Interdependence Among Sectors
Introduction
Economic activities are actions that generate money, such as working or running a business, while non-economic activities, like taking care of family, do not directly make money. Economic activities are categorised into three types: primary (e.g., farming, mining), secondary (e.g., Manufacturing goods), and tertiary (e.g., Providing services).
As societies evolve, the range of economic activities has grown significantly. From traditional activities like farming and weaving to modern ones such as manufacturing technology and providing services, each sector plays a crucial role in our economy. By classifying these activities, we gain insight into how they function and their relationships with one another, helping us better understand the economic life around us.
The Classification of Economic Activities into Economic Sectors
In the world of economics, we group similar activities into three main categories called economic sectors. These sectors help us understand how different activities fit into the bigger picture of our economy. The three main economic sectors are primary, secondary, and tertiary.
Primary Activities: Primary activities are those where people directly use nature to produce goods. These activities rely on natural resources and include things like growing crops, collecting wood, mining for coal, fishing, and gathering eggs from poultry farms. In simple terms, primary activities are all about working directly with nature.
Example 1
Farming, mining, fishing, raising animals, and forestry. Secondary Activities: Secondary activities take the raw materials from primary activities and transform them: into finished products. This sector involves things like building construction, making goods in factories, and providing essential services such as water and electricity.!
Example 2
Turning wheat into flour, extracting oil from peanuts, or processing tea leaves into tea are all secondary activities. Similarly, making furniture from wood, clothes from cotton, or cars from steel are also part of the secondary sector.
Tertiary Activities: Tertiary activities are those that support both primary and secondary activities. They involve services rather than producing goods. This sector includes things like driving trucks to transport goods, selling products at markets, and providing professional services such as medical care, teaching, and legal advice.
Example 3
Technicians who fix electronics, mechanics who repair vehicles, and electricians who ensure we have electricity. Tertiary activities also include services like communication through phones and the internet, working in hotels and restaurants, and helping out in: banks, schools, hospitals, and other places. This sector is also known as the service sector. By understanding these three sectors-primary, secondary, and tertiary-we get a clearer picture of how: different types of work contribute to our economy and everyday life.
Interdependence Among Sectors
In any economy, the three main sectors-primary, secondary, and tertiary-are interdependent. The primary sector involves the extraction and harvesting of natural resources, such as agriculture and mining. These raw materials are then processed by the secondary sector into finished goods, including manufacturing and construction.
Finally, the tertiary sector provides services like retail, transportation, and banking to distribute and sell these products to consumers. Each sector relies on the others to complete the process, creating a seamless flow from raw materials to finished products.
Example 1
In Gujarat, farmers milk their cows (primary sector) and sell the milk to a cooperative. This milk is processed into butter and cheese in factories (secondary sector). These products are then transported and sold in stores (tertiary sector). This cooperation among the sectors illustrates how each part of the economy depends on the others to deliver goods to consumers.