Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography Chapter 12 World Climate and Climate Change Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation.
World Climate and Climate Change NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography Chapter 12
World Climate and Climate Change Questions and Answers Class 11 Geography Chapter 12
Question 1.
Multiple choice questions :
(i) Which one of the following is suitable for Koeppen’s “A” type of climate?
(a) High rainfall in all the months
(b) Mean monthly temperature of the coldest month more than freezing point
(c) Mean monthly temperature of all the months more than 18°C
(d) Average temperature for all the months below 10°C
Answer:
(b) Mean monthly temperature of the coldest month more than freezing point.
(ii) Koeppen’s system of classification of climates can be termed as :
(a) Applied
(b) Systematic
(c) Genetic
(d) Empirical
Answer:
(d) Empirical.
(iii) Most of the Indian Peninsula will be grouped according to Koeppen’s system under :
(a) “Af”
(b) “BSH”
(c) “Cfb”
(d) “Am”
Answer:
(d) “Am”
(iv) Which one of the following years is supposed to have recorded the warmest temperature the world over?
(a) 1990
(b) 1998
(c) 1885
(d) 1950
Answer:
(a) 1990.
(v) Which one of the following groups of four climates represents humid conditions?
(a)A-B-C-E
(b) A-C-D-E
(c) B-C-D-E
(d) A – C – D -F
Answer:
(b) A-C-D-E.
Question 2.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words each
(i) Which two climatic variables are used by Koeppen for classification of climate?
Answer:
Koeppen recognised five major climatic groups, four of them are based on temperature and one on precipitation. The capital letters A, C, D and E delineate humid climates and B dry climates.
(ii) How is the “genetic” system of classification different from the “empirical” one?
Answer:
Empirical classification is based on observed data, particularly on temperature and precipitation. Genetic classification attempts to organise climates according to their causes.
(iii) Which types of climates have very’ low range of temperature?
Answer:
ITCZ makes the climate hot and humid. Annual range of temperature is very low and annual rainfall is high. The tropical group is divided into three types, namely:
- Af-Tropical wet climate
- Am – Tropical monsoon climate
- Aw – Tropical wet and dry climate.
(iv) What type of climatic conditions would prevail if the sun spots increase?
Answer:
According to some meteorologists, when the number of sunspots increase, cooler and wetter weather and greater storminess occur.
Question 3.
Answer the following questions in about 150 words each :
(i) Make a comparison of the climatic conditions between the “A” and “B” types of climates.
Answer:
The tropical group “A” is divided into three types, namely :
- Af – Tropical wet climate.
- Am – Tropical monsoon climate
- Aw – Tropical wet and dry climate.
Tropical wet climate (Af) is found near the equator such as the Amazon basin in South America, western equatorial Africa and the islands of East Indies. The maximum temperature on any day is around 30°C while the minimum temperature is around 20°C.
Tropical monsoon climate (Am) is found over the Indian sub-continent, north eastern part of South America and northern australia. Heavy rainfall occurs mostly in summer. Winter is dry. Tropical wet and dry climate (Aw) occurs north and south of Af type climate regions. Extensive Aw climate is found to the north and the south of the Amazon forest in Brazil and adjoining parts of Bolivia and Paraguay in South America, Sudan and south of Central Africa.
Dry climates “B” are divided into steppe or semi-arid climate (BS) and desert climate (BW). They are sub-divided as sub-tropical steppe (BSh) and sub-tropical desert (BWh) at latitudes from 15°-35° and mid-latitude steppe (BSk) and mid-latitude desert (BWk) at latitudes between 35°-60°.
Sub-tropical steppe (BSh) and sub-tropical desert (BWh) have common precipitation and temperature characteristics. Located in the transition zone between humid and dry climates, subtropical steppe receives slightly more rainfall than the desert.
(ii) What type of vegetation would you find in the “C” and “A” type(s) of climate?
Answer:
Warm temperate (mid-latitude) climates “C” extend from 30’-50″ of latitude mainly on the eastern and western margins of continents. These climates generally have warm summers with mild ‘winters. They are grouped into four types :
- Humid sub-tropical, i.e., dry in winter and hot in summer (CWa);
- Mediterranean (Cs);
- Humid sub-tropical, i.e., no dry season and mild winter (CFa);
- Marine west coast climate (Cfb).
Tropical Humid climates “A”—evergreen forests with dense canopy cover and large bio-diversity are found in this climate. Deciduous forest and tree-shredded grasslands occur in this climate.
(iii) What do you understand by the term “Greenhouse Gases”? Make a list of greenhouse gases.
Answer:
The term ‘greenhouse’ is derived from the analogy to a greenhouse used in cold areas for preserving heat. A greenhouse is made up of glass. The glass which is transparent to incoming short wave solar radiation. The glass, therefore, allows in more radiation and prevents the long wave radiation going outside the glasshouse, causing the temperature inside the glasshouse structure warmer than outside.
When you enter a car or a bus during summers, where windows are closed, you feel more heat inside than outside. Likewise during winter, the vehicles with closed doors and windows remain warmer than the temperature outside. This is another example of the greenhouse effect.
List of GHGs: The gases that absorb long wave radiation are called greenhouse gases such as carbondioxide (CO,), Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N,O) and ozone (O,), nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO).