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Civics Class 8 Chapter 8 Question Answer Solutions
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Confronting Marginalisation Class 8 Questions Answers
Question 1.
List two Fundamental Rights in the Constitution that Dalits can draw upon to insist that they be treated with dignity and as equals. Re-read the Fundamental Rights listed on page 14 to help you answer this question.
Answer:
The two Fundamental Rights that Dalits can draw upon to insist that they be treated with dignity and equals are:
- Right to Equality
- Right to Freedom
Question 2.
Re-read the story on Rathnam as well as the provisions of the 1989 Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act. Now list one reason why you think he used this law to file a complaint.
Answer:
The 1989 Act was in response to the demands made by Dalits and others. The Government was to take them seriously as per the demand. The Government has to protect them against the ill treatment and humiliation faced by the Dalits and tribal groups in every day life.
Rathnamam was tortured and punished by burning of his hut and was forced to leave the village along with his mother and other members of his family and many more things happened to him.
So Rathnam used the above law to file a complaint to protest against the domination and violence of the powerful castes in his village.
Question 3.
Why do Adivasi activists, including C.K. Janu, believe that Adivasis can also use this 1989
Act to fight against dispossession? Is there anything specific in the provisions of the Act that allows her to believe this?
Answer:
The Adivasi activist including C.K. Janu believe that Adivasis can also use this 1989 Act to fight against dispossession because the Act guarantees the tribals not to be disposed from the land resources forcefully.
They pointed specifically that this Act merely confirms what has already been promised to the tribal people in the Constitution that their land cannot be sold to or bought by non-tribal people. In cases where this had happened, the Constitution also guarantees the right of the tribal people to repossess their lands.
Question 4.
The poems and the song in this Unit allow you to see the range of ways in which individuals and communities express their opinions, their anger and their sorrow. In class, do the following two exercises:
(а) Bring to class a poem that discusses a social issue. Share this with your classmates. Work in small groups with two or more poems to discuss their meaning as well as what the poet is trying to communicate.
(b) Identify a marginalised community in your locality. Write a poem, or song, or draw a poster etc to express your feelings as a member of this community.
Answer:
(a) To be done in classroom.
(b) To be done by yourself.
Class 8 Civics Chapter 8 NCERT Intext Activity Questions and Answers
(Page No.-97)
Question 1.
State one reason why you think reservations plays an important role in providing social justice to Dalits and Adivasis?
Answer:
In society like ours, where for centuries sections of the populations have been denied opportunities to learn to work in order to develop new skills or vocation and to make the denied sections of society equivalent to all, reservation plays an important role in providing social justice to Dalits and Adivasis.
(Page No.-99)
Question 2.
In your opinion does the force put on Rathnam to perform this ritual violate his Fundamental Rights?
Answer:
Yes, the force put on Rathnam to perform that ritual violates his Fundamental Rights. This was an act of dominance and violence of the powerful castes in his village. It violates the Fundamental Right against Exploitation.
Question 3.
Why do you think the Dalit families were afraid of angering the powerful castes?
Answer:
The Dalit families were afraid of angering the powerful castes because many of them worked on their fields as daily wage laboures. If the dominant castes decided to not call them then it would stop their earnings.
(Page No.-100)
Question 4.
Can you list two different provisions in the 1989 Act?
Answer:
The two provisions in 1989 Act are:
The Act distinguishes several levels of crimes.
- Firstly, it lists modes of humiliation that are both physically horrific and morally reprehensible.
- It list actions that dispossess Dalits and Adivasis of their meagre resources or which force them into performing slave labour.
Question 5.
Look up the glossary and write in your own words what you understand by the term ‘morally reprehensible’.
Answer:
Mortally reprehensible means when one thinks that a type of behaviour or an idea is very bad and morally wrong. One can say that it is reprehensible.
(Page No.-101)
Question 6.
What do you understand by manual scavenging?
Answer:
Manual Scavenging refers to the practice of manually cleaning, carrying, disposing, or handling in any manner, human excreta from dry laterines. It often involves using the most basic of tools such as buckets, brooms and baskets.
Question 7.
Re-read the list of Fundamental Rights provided on page 14 and list two rights that this practice violates?
Answer:
- Right to Equality.
- Right Against Exploitation.
These two rights are violated with the practice of manual scavenging.
Question 8.
Why did the Safai Karamchari Andolan file a PIL in 2003? What did they complain about in their petition?
Answer:
In 2003, the Safai Karamchari Andolan filed a PIL. In 2003, the government passed the Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Laterine (Prohibition) Act. This law prohibits the employment of manual scavengers as well as the construction of dry latrines. The petitioners complained that manual scavenging still existed and it continued in government undertakings like the railways. The petitioners sought enforcement of their Fundamental Rights.
Question 9.
What did the Supreme Court do on hearing their case in 2005?
Answer:
The Supreme Court of India in it’s hearing observed that the number of manual scavengers in India had increased since the 1993 law. So, the court directed every department/ ministry of the union government and State government to verify the facts within 6 months. If manual scavenging was found to exist, then the government department has to actively take up a time-bound programme for their liberation and rehabilitation.
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