{"id":1654,"date":"2021-07-23T09:27:25","date_gmt":"2021-07-23T03:57:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/?p=1654"},"modified":"2021-07-23T10:54:43","modified_gmt":"2021-07-23T05:24:43","slug":"ncert-solutions-for-class-8-social-science-civics-chapter-7-hindi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/ncert-solutions-for-class-8-social-science-civics-chapter-7-hindi\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation (Hindi Medium)"},"content":{"rendered":"

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation (Hindi Medium)<\/h2>\n

These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science in Hindi Medium<\/a>. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation.<\/p>\n

\u092a\u093e\u0920\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 1.<\/strong>
\n\u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091a\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? [\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u091c-83]
\n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>
\n\u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0930\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n
  2. \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u093e\u091c \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0909\u0920\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0921\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n
  3. \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 2.<\/strong>
    \n\u0906\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902? \u0935\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948? [\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u091c-85)
    \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0901\u092c\u093e, \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0938\u094b\u0928\u093e, \u091a\u093e\u0901\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0928 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n
    2. \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u091d\u093e\u0930\u0916\u0902\u0921, \u0909\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0938\u093e, \u092a\u0902. \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0917\u0922\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n
    3. \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 3.<\/strong>
      \n\u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u090f \u091c\u094b \u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0906\u092a \u0918\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 (\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u091c-85]
      \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>
      \n\u091c\u0932\u093e\u090a \u0932\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940, \u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0932\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940, \u0932\u093e\u0916, \u0917\u094b\u0902\u0926, \u092b\u0932, \u091c\u0921\u093c\u0940-\u092c\u0942\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\u0964\u0964<\/p>\n

      \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 4.<\/strong>
      \n\u0935\u0928 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u092e\u0915\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0932\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n
      2. \u0916\u0928\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0928 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0964<\/li>\n
      3. \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0928 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n
      4. \u0935\u0928\u094d\u092f\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0906\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0928\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0905\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        [\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u091c-85]
        \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n
        2. \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940-\u092e\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0932\u093e\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0932\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 5.<\/strong>
          \n\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0935\u093f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0906\u0913 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u0940, \u0905\u0938\u092e \u091a\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u0938\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0930\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0917\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902… \u0938\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093e\u092e, \u0915\u093e\u092e \u092c\u093e\u092c\u0942 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0927\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0913 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u092c \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0916\u093e\u0932 \u0909\u0927\u0947\u0921\u093c \u0926\u0942\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0939\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0926\u0942\u0930\u093e\u092e, \u0924\u0941\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u092e \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091b\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924-\u092c\u0938\u0941.\u090f\u0938. \u091d\u093e\u0930\u0916\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0942\u0935\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f : \u0910\u0925\u0928\u0940\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 [\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u091c-85)
          \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u00a0\u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u0940\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964
            \n\u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 6.<\/strong>
            \n\u0906\u092a\u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0928\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092b\u0948\u0938\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u094c\u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f? [\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u091c-87]
            \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n
            2. \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0932\u0940 \u0917\u092f\u0940 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 7.
              \n\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u0948? [\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u091c-88]
              \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>
              \n\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n
              2. \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0947\u0926\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0936\u0902\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/li>\n
              3. \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 8.<\/strong>
                \n\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948? [\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u091c-90)
                \n\"NCERT
                \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>
                \n\u092f\u0939 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u0947\u0936\u092d\u0942\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n

                \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 1.<\/strong>
                \n\u0926\u093e\u0926\u0942 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e? [\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902-\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u091c-81-82]
                \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>
                \n\u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923-<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \u0909\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0938\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093e\u0926\u0942 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n
                2. \u0935\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092b\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u091a \u0926\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n
                3. \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0940 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0940\u091f\u093e-\u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093e\u0926\u0942 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935
                  \n\u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 1.<\/strong>
                  \n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0938\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0902? [\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u091c-88]
                  \n1.<\/strong>\u00a0\u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901, 1994<\/strong>
                  \n\"NCERT
                  \n\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924-\u0905\u092c\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0939 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u092b (1999), \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0928 \u0921\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0932\u092a\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f : \u0905 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0911\u092b \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u093f 1990\u091c, \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u092b\u0949\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0932 \u0911\u092b \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0907\u0915\u0949\u0928\u0949\u092e\u093f\u0915, \u0928\u092f\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940, \u092a\u0943. 236, 238, 240.
                  \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>
                  \n\u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092e\u0941\u0938\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n

                  \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 2.<\/strong>
                  \n\u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0930 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948? \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0930, 2001
                  \n\"NCERT
                  \n[\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u091c-89]
                  \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>
                  \n\u092e\u0941\u0938\u0932\u093f\u092e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0930 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n

                  \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 3.<\/strong>
                  \n\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?
                  \n\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0938\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924
                  \n\"NCERT
                  \n\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924-\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0938\u0932\u093f\u092e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f, 2006
                  \n[\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u0908\u0906\u0930\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u091c-89]
                  \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0938\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e 13.5% \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n
                  2. \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f (\u092a\u0940.\u090f\u0938.\u092f\u0942.) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n
                  3. \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0938\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928-\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                    ( \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0947)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                    \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 1.<\/strong>
                    \n\u2018\u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923’ \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b-\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0915\u094d\u092f \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u090f\u0964
                    \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>
                    \n\u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0922\u0915\u0947\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n
                    2. \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n
                    3. \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0917\u0930\u0940\u092c, \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0928\u0915\u094b \u0939\u0940\u0928 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 2.<\/strong>
                      \n\u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0916\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u0926\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964
                      \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>
                      \n\u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0928\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u091b\u0940\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n
                      2. \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0906\u091c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0901\u0938 \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 3.<\/strong>
                        \n\u0906\u092a \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964
                        \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>
                        \n\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923-<\/strong><\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0938\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 4.<\/strong>
                          \n\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?
                          \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>
                          \n‘\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0915’ \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n

                          \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 5.<\/strong>
                          \n\u0906\u092a \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0932\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0941\u0938\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964’ \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964
                          \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>
                          \n\u092e\u0941\u0938\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f<\/strong><\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. \u092e\u0941\u0938\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901; \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0930, \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n
                          2. \u092e\u0941\u0938\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 6.<\/strong>
                            \n\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0940\u0935\u093f\u091c\u0928 \u092a\u0930 26 \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u091c\u0926\u0940\u0915 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u0939 \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u2018\u2018\u0907\u0928 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u094b, \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0902\u0917-\u092c\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0938\u0926\u093e \u0928\u093e\u091a\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964” \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u0915\u0930 \u0906\u092a \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947? \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0964
                            \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>
                            \n\u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902-<\/strong><\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0901\u091a-\u0928\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n
                            2. \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u092e, \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942, \u0908\u0938\u093e\u0908 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n
                            3. \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940, \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 7.<\/strong>
                              \n\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0925\u093e-\u092a\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0939\u0947\u0932\u0947\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u092a \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092b\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0964 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?
                              \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>
                              \n\u0939\u093e\u0901, \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924-<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                \n
                              1. \u0935\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928, \u0930\u0940\u0924\u093f-\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u091c\u0964\u0964<\/li>\n
                              2. \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940, \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u0938\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n
                              3. \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u091c\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u0924\u093e-\u0915\u0941\u0902\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n
                              4. \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u091c\u093e \u0918\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n
                              5. \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0928\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/li>\n
                              6. \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0928\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n
                              7. \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935 \u0935 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n
                              8. \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0964\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 8.<\/strong>
                                \n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902?
                                \n\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930<\/strong>
                                \n\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f-<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                1. \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n
                                2. \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n
                                3. \u0905\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                  Hope given NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 7\u00a0are helpful to complete your homework.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                  NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation (Hindi Medium) These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science in Hindi Medium. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation. \u092a\u093e\u0920\u0917\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 1. \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u090f …<\/p>\n

                                  NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation (Hindi Medium)<\/span> Read More »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":6602,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nNCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation (Hindi Medium) - NCERT Solutions<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/ncert-solutions-for-class-8-social-science-civics-chapter-7-hindi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation (Hindi Medium) - NCERT Solutions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation (Hindi Medium) These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science in Hindi Medium. 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