{"id":17124,"date":"2021-01-15T12:53:23","date_gmt":"2021-01-15T07:23:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/?p=17124"},"modified":"2021-01-15T15:44:57","modified_gmt":"2021-01-15T10:14:57","slug":"ncert-solutions-for-class-12-history-chapter-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-history-chapter-6\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Solutions for Class 12 History Chapter 6 Bhakti-Sufi Traditions: Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts"},"content":{"rendered":"

Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for Class 12 History<\/a> Chapter 6 Bhakti-Sufi Traditions: Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation.<\/p>\n

Bhakti-Sufi Traditions: Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts NCERT Solutions for Class 12 History Chapter 6<\/h2>\n

Bhakti-Sufi Traditions: Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts Questions and Answers <\/span>Class 12 History Chapter 6<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nExplain with examples what historians mean by the integration of cults.
\nAnswer:
\nMany historians have tried to understand the integration of cults. They found that there were at least two processes at work. First of all, there was a process of disseminating Brahmanical ideas. For example, all the Puranic texts were composed, compiled and preserved in simple Sanskrit verse. It was done so that they may be accessible to all women and the Shudras who were generally excluded from Vedic learning. Secondly, the Brahmans accepted and reworked the beliefs and practices of these and other social categories. They were engaged in a continuous dialogue between great Sanskritic Puranic traditions and little traditions throughout the land.<\/p>\n

For example, at Puri in Orissa, the principal deity of\u00a0 Vishnu was identified as Jagannatha which meant \u2018Lord of the World\u2019. The terms of great and little traditions were coined by Robert Redfield, a sociologist of the 20th century. Such examples of integration can also be seen in the cults of goddesses.<\/p>\n

The goddess was often worshipped in the form of a stone smeared with ochre. These local deities were usually incorporated within the Puranic framework by providing them with an identity as a wife of the principal male deities. For example, Lakshmi is associated with Vishnu as his wife and Parvati with Shiva as his wife.<\/p>\n

\"NCERT<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nTo what extent do you think the architecture of mosques in the sub- continent reflects a combination of universal ideas and local traditions ?
\nAnswer:
\nThe Muslim rulers in the sub-continent got many mosques built. Their architecture was a complex blend of a universal faith and local traditions. Most of the features of these mosques are universal. They had a special orientation towards Mecca. It was evident from the placement of the mihrab (prayer niche) and the minbar (pulpit).<\/p>\n

But there were also many variations in their architecture. These variations can be seen in the roofs and the building materials. For example, a mosque was built in Kerala in the 13th century. Its roof resembled the Shikhar of the temple. Contrary to it, the roof of Atia Mosque in Bangladesh is round. The Atia Mosque was made of bricks. However the Kashmiri wood has been used in Shah Hamdan Mosque built in Srinagar on the banks of Jhelum river.<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nWhat were the similarities and dissimilarities between be-sharia and ba-sharia Sufi tradition ?
\nAnswer:
\nThere were some mystics in the Islam religion. They gave radical interpretation of the Sufi ideals. Many of them hated the Khanqah. They took to mendicancy and observed celibacy. They ignored rituals and adopted asceticism in their lives. They were known by different names such as Qulandars, Madaris, Malangi and Haidaris. They deliberately defined the sharia. So they were often called as be- sharia. On the other hand, the ba-sharia Sufis were those Sufis who complied with the ideas of Islam. However, both kinds of people belonged to Islam.<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nDiscuss the ways in which the Alvars, Nayanars and Virashaivas expressed critiques of the caste system.
\nAnswer:
\nAlvars and Nayanars were the Bhakts or Saints of Tamil Nadu. The Alvars were devoted to Vishnu whereas Nayanars were the devotees of Shiva. They travelled from place to place and sang hymns in praise of their gods. They built many temples at sacred places. Later on, these temples developed into centres of pilgrimage.<\/p>\n

(i) Some historians stated that the Alvars and Nayanars started a movement against the caste system. They protested against the dominance of Brahmans and wanted to reform the caste system. That is why, all the Bhakats belonged to different castes and social strata of life. They ranged from Brahmanas to artisans and cultivators to untouchables.<\/p>\n

(ii) The compositions of Alvars and Nayanars were as important as the Vedas. Their main anthology of compositions was the Nalayira Divyaprabandham which was described as the Tamil Veda. In other words, this work of the Alvars was considered as important as the Vedas.<\/p>\n

(iii) The Virashaivas belonged to Karnataka and were the followers of Basavanna. They challenged the Brahmanical social order and their idea of caste. They also opposed the pollution attributed to certain groups of Brahmanas.<\/p>\n

\"NCERT<\/p>\n

Question 5.
\nDescribe the major teachings of either Kabir or Guru Nanak, and the ways in which these have been transmitted.
\nOr
\nExplain the teachings of Kabir. (C.B.S.E. 2010 (D))
\nOr
\nDescribe briefly the message and teachings of Baba Guru Nanak. (C.B.S.E. 2013 (O.D.))
\nOr
\n\u2018Kabir was and is to the present a source of inspiration for those who questioned entrenched social institutions and ideas in their search for divine\u2019. Explain. (C.B.S.E. 2017 (D))
\nOr
\n\u201cKabir is perhaps one of the most outstanding examples of a poet-saint of 14th-15th centuries.\u201d Substantiate the statement with reference to his description of ultimate reality. (C.B.S.E. 2019 (O.D.))
\nOr
\nExplain giving examples the traditions and philosophy of Baba Guru Nanak Dev. (C.B.S.E. 2019 (D))
\nKabir had an important place among all the poet-saints. His teachings are as follows<\/p>\n