{"id":17170,"date":"2021-01-16T14:18:12","date_gmt":"2021-01-16T08:48:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/?p=17170"},"modified":"2021-01-16T16:56:44","modified_gmt":"2021-01-16T11:26:44","slug":"ncert-solutions-for-class-12-sociology-chapter-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/ncert-solutions-for-class-12-sociology-chapter-5\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Sociology Chapter 5 Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion"},"content":{"rendered":"

Detailed, Step-by-Step NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Sociology<\/a>\u00a0Chapter 5 Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion Questions and Answers were solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines covering each topic in chapter to ensure complete preparation.<\/p>\n

Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Sociology Chapter 5<\/h2>\n

Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion Questions and Answers <\/span>Class 12 Sociology Chapter 5<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nHow is social inequality different from the inequality of individuals?
\nOr
\nHow is social inequality different from inequality between individuals? (C.B.S.E. 2013)
\nAnswer:
\nThe indifferent treatment or discrimination of a group, community, class, individual, etc., towards another group or individual is known as social inequality. Some social inequalities show natural differences between humans regarding their different abilities and efforts. Some are naturally gifted with exceptional talent or intelligence whereas others may have worked hard to achieve wealth and status. In this way we can say that social inequality is not the result of natural differences between the people but is produced by the society.<\/p>\n

\"NCERT<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat are some of the features of social stratification? (C.B.S.E. 2013)
\nOr
\nSocial inequality differentiates between individuals. Highlight the principles to explain the concept of social stratification. (C.B.S.E. 2015)
\nOr
\nExplain the three key principles of social stratification with examples. (C.B.S.E. 2017 (D))
\nAnswer:
\n(i) Society, in social stratification, is divided into different layers or stratas in which mutual relations between humans is based upon superiority and inferiority.<\/p>\n

(ii) Different classes have different social status in social stratification. Some may have a higher status whereas others may have low status while still some might have neither a higher nor a lower status.<\/p>\n

(iii) Interactions, in stratification, are restricted to a specific level. Every individual establishes relations with other individuals of the same status.<\/p>\n

(iv) Social stratification persists over generations. It is closely related to the family circle and to the inheritance of social resources from one generation to another.<\/p>\n

(v) Social stratification is supported by patterns of belief or ideology.<\/p>\n

\"NCERT<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nHow would you distinguish prejudice from other kinds of opinion or belief?
\nAnswer:
\nPrejudice means those pre-conceived opinions or attitudes kept by the members of one group for the other. The literal meaning of the word \u2018Prejudice\u2019 is \u2018pre-judgement\u2019. It implies to an opinion made in advance of any familiarity with the subject, before taking into consideration any available evidence.<\/p>\n

Preconceived views of any prejudiced person are generally based upon hearsay instead of any direct evidence and are opposite to change even if new information is available.<\/p>\n

Prejudice can be positive or negative. Although this word is generally used for negative asumption, it can also be applied for favourable pre-judgement. For example, if a person has an opinion in favour of members of his own caste or group and, without any evidence, believe them to be superior to members of other castes or groups.<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nWhat is Social exclusion?
\nOr
\nWhat does social exclusion refer to? (C.B.S.E. 2011)
\nAnswer:
\nThe ways in which individuals may become cut off from complete involvement in the wider society is called social exclusion. Social exclusion pays attention to a number of factors which prevent individuals or groups from having opportunities open to the majority of the population. To live an active life, individuals must not only be able to feed, clothe and house themselves, but should have access to essential services and goods like health, education, social security, insurance, transportation, banking, police, judiciary, etc. Social exclusion is systematic and is the outcome of structural feature of society.<\/p>\n

It is important to note that social exclusion is involuntary. It means exclusion is practised against the wishes of those who are excluded. For example, we will never find rich people sleeping on the pavements or under bridges like lakhs of poor and homeless people sleeping in towns and cities.<\/p>\n

It does not mean that rich are being excluded from the access to pavements as if they wanted to, they could certainly gain access, but they choose not to. Social exclusion is sometimes wrongly justified by the logic that the excluded group itself didn\u2019t want to participate. The truth of such an argument is not obvious when exclusion is preventing access to something desirable.<\/p>\n

\"NCERT<\/p>\n

Question 5.
\nWhat is the relationship between caste and economic inequality today?
\nAnswer:
\nEarlier, caste and economic inequality were deeply related with each other. Social status and economic status of the person were correlating each other. Economic condition of higher castes was generally good and of lower castes was generally low. But in modern times, which means after 19th century, many changes have taken place between relations of caste and occupation. These days, due to strict laws, the caste restrictions of occupation and religion cannot be enforced upon anyone.<\/p>\n

Now, adopting occupation is comparatively easier than before. One can adopt any occupation of his choice. Relation of caste and economic condition, these days, has been weakened as compared to 100 years ago. Nowadays, we can find rich and poor individuals in all the castes.<\/p>\n

But one thing is important that the caste-class mutual relations still exist in the society. The difference between social and economic conditions of different castes has been reduced with the weakening of caste system. But caste based difference still exists between different socio-economic groups.<\/p>\n

Question 6.
\nWhat is Untouchability?
\nOr
\nDescribe the social phenomenon of untouchability and explain its various dimensions. (C.B.S.E. 2010)
\nOr
\nWhat is meant by the term untouchability? (C.B.S.B. 2013)
\nAnswer:
\nCaste system had one extreme and particularly vicious aspect and that was untouchability. It prescribes strict social restrictions against the castes located at the bottom of the social hierarchy. Strictly speaking, the untouchable castes were outside the caste hierarchy and were considered as impure. Untouchability has been declared illegal under the Untouchability Offence Act, 1955.<\/p>\n

Question 7.
\nDescribe some of the policies designed to address caste inequality.
\nAnswer:
\nSome policies have been started by Central and State governments to remove caste inequality and these are:<\/p>\n