{"id":23744,"date":"2023-03-16T13:49:41","date_gmt":"2023-03-16T08:19:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/?p=23744"},"modified":"2023-03-16T17:26:03","modified_gmt":"2023-03-16T11:56:03","slug":"ncert-solutions-for-class-9-science-chapter-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/ncert-solutions-for-class-9-science-chapter-5\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 5 The Fundamental Unit of Life"},"content":{"rendered":"

These NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science<\/a> Chapter 5 The Fundamental Unit of Life Questions and Answers are prepared by our highly skilled subject experts to help students while preparing for their exams.<\/p>\n

The Fundamental Unit of Life NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 5<\/h2>\n

Class 9 Science Chapter 5 The Fundamental Unit of Life InText Questions and Answers<\/span><\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWho discovered cells and how?
\nAnswer:
\nCells were discovered in 1665 by an English Botanist, Robert Hooke. He used a primitive microscope to observe cells in a cork slice.<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nWhy is the cell called the structural and functional unit of life?
\nAnswer:
\nCells constitute various components of plants and animals. A cell is the smallest unit of life and is capable of all living functions. Cells are the building blocks of life. This is the reason why cells are referred to as the basic structural and functional units of life. All cells vary in their shape, size, and activity they perform. In fact, the shape and size of the cell is related to the specific functions they perform.<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nHow do substances like CO2<\/sub> and water move in and out of the cell? Discuss.
\nAnswer:
\nThe cell membrane is selectively permeable and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.<\/p>\n

Movement of CO2<\/sub>:
\nCO2<\/sub> is produced during cellular respiration. Therefore, it is present in high concentrations inside the cell. This CO2<\/sub> must be excreted out of the cell. In the cell’s external environment, the concentration of CO2<\/sub> is low as compared to that inside the cell. Therefore, according to the principle of diffusion, CO2<\/sub> moves from a region of higher concentration (inside the cell) towards a region of lower concentration (outside the cell). Similarly, O2<\/sub> enters the cell by the process of diffusion when the concentration of O2<\/sub> inside the cell is low as compared to its surroundings.<\/p>\n

Movement of water:
\nWater moves from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane acts as a semi-permeable membrane, and this movement of water is known as osmosis.<\/p>\n

However, the movement of water across the plasma membrane of the cell is affected by the amount of substance dissolved in water.<\/p>\n

\"NCERT<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nWhy is the plasma membrane called a selectively permeable membrane?
\nAnswer:
\nThe cell membrane or the plasma membrane is known as a selectively permeable membrane because it regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. This means that the plasma membrane allows the entry of only some substances and prevents the movement of some other materials.<\/p>\n

Question 5.
\nFill in the gaps in the following table illustrating differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Prokaryotic cell<\/td>\nEukaryotic cell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1. Size: generally small (1-10 \u03bcm) 1 pm
\n1\u03bcm = 10-6<\/sup>m<\/td>\n		1. Size is generally large (5 – 100 \u03bcm).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. Nuclear region: _________
\n____________________________
\nare known as _____________<\/td>\n		2. Nuclear region:
\nWell defined and surrounded by the nuclear membrane.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. Chromosome: single<\/td>\n3. More than one chromosome.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4. Membrane bound cell org are absent.<\/td>\n4. _________________<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Answer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Prokaryotic cell<\/td>\nEukaryotic cell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1. Size: generally small (1-10 \u03bcm) 1 pm
\n1\u03bcm = 10-6<\/sup>m<\/td>\n		1. Size is generally large (5 – 100 \u03bcm).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. Nuclear region not surrounded by nuclear membrane, found immersed in cytoplasm and is known as nucleoid.<\/td>\n2. Nuclear region:
\nWell defined and surrounded by the nuclear membrane.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. Chromosome: single<\/td>\n3. More than one chromosome.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4. Membrane bound cell org are absent.<\/td>\n4. Membrane bound cell organelles are present.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Question 6.
\nCan you name the two organelles we have studied that contain their own genetic material?
\nAnswer:
\nMitochondria and plastids are the two organelles that contain their own genetic material. Both these organelles have their own DNA and ribosomes.<\/p>\n

Question 7.
\nIf the organisation of a cell is destroyed due to some physical or chemical influence, what will happen?
\nAnswer:
\nCell is the smallest unit of life, which is capable of all living functions. If the organisation of a cell is destroyed due to some physical or chemical influence, then the ability of the cell to perform all living functions such as respiration, nutrition, excretion, etc. would be affected.<\/p>\n

Question 8.
\nWhy are lysosomes known as suicide bags?
\nAnswer:
\nLysosomes are membrane-bound vesicular structures that contain powerful digestive enzymes. These enzymes are capable of breaking down any foreign food particle or microbes entering the cell. Sometimes, lysosomes can cause self-destruction of a cell by releasing these digestive enzymes within the cells. Hence, they are also known as ‘suicidal bags’.<\/p>\n

Question 9.
\nWhere are proteins synthesized inside the cell?
\nAnswer:
\nRibosomes are the site for protein synthesis. Ribosomes are very small structures found either in a free state, suspended in the cytoplasm, or attached to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. They are composed of ribonucleic acids and proteins.<\/p>\n

\"NCERT<\/p>\n

Class 9 Science Chapter 5 The Fundamental Unit of Life Textbook Questions and Answers<\/span><\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nMake a comparison and write down ways in which plant cells are different from animal cells.
\nAnswer:
\n\"NCERT<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nHow is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?
\nAnswer:
\nProkaryotic cell :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Most prokaryotic cells are unicellular.<\/li>\n
  2. Size of the cell is generally small (0.5-5 \u03bcm).<\/li>\n
  3. Nuclear region is poorly, defined due to the absence of a nuclear membrane or the cell lacks true nucleus.<\/li>\n
  4. It contains a single chromosome.<\/li>\n
  5. Nucleolus is absent.<\/li>\n
  6. Membrane-bound cell organelles such as plastids, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, etc. are absent.<\/li>\n
  7. Cell division occurs only by mitosis.<\/li>\n
  8. Prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria and blue-green algae.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Eukaryotic cell:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Most eukaryotic cells are multicellular.<\/li>\n
    2. Size of the cell is generally large (50-100 \u03bcm).<\/li>\n
    3. Nuclear region is well-defined and is surrounded by a nuclear membrane, or true nucleus bound by a nuclear membrane is present in the cell.<\/li>\n
    4. It contains more than one chromosome.<\/li>\n
    5. Nucleolus is present.<\/li>\n
    6. Cell organelles such as mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, etc. are present.<\/li>\n
    7. Cell division occurs by mitosis and meiosis.<\/li>\n
    8. Eukaryotic cells are found in fungi, plants, and animal cells.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Question 3.
      \nWhat would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down?
      \nAnswer:
      \nIf the plasma membrane of a cell is ruptured, then the cell will die. The plasma membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell by diffusion or osmosis. Thus, if the plasma membrane is ruptured, then the cell might leak out its contents.<\/p>\n

      \"NCERT<\/p>\n

      Question 4.
      \nWhat would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus?
      \nAnswer:
      \nIf there was no Golgi apparatus in the cell, then most activities performed by the Golgi apparatus will not take place.
      \n(i) Membranes of the Golgi apparatus are often connected to ER membranes. It collects simpler molecules and combines them to make more complex molecules. These are then packaged in small vesicles and are either stored in the cell or sent out as per the requirement. Thus, if the Golgi apparatus is absent in the cell, then the above process of storage, modification, and packaging of products will not be possible.<\/p>\n

      (ii) The formation of complex sugars from simple sugars will not be possible as this takes place with the help of enzymes present in Golgi bodies.<\/p>\n

      (iii) The Golgi apparatus es involved in the formation of lysosomes or peroxisomes. Thus, if the Golgi body is absent in a cell, the synthesis of lysosomes or peroxisomes will not be possible in the cell.<\/p>\n

      Question 5.
      \nWhich organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Why?
      \nAnswer:
      \nMitochondria are known as the powerhouse of cells. Mitochondria create energy for the cell, and this process of creating energy for the cell is known as cellular respiration. Most chemical reactions involved in cellular respiration occur in the mitochondria. The energy required for various chemical activities needed for life is released by the mitochondria in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) molecules. For this reason, mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of cells.<\/p>\n

      Question 6.
      \nWhere do the lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane get synthesized?
      \nAnswer:
      \nLipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum.
      \nSER (Smooth endoplasmic reticulum) helps in the manufacturing of lipids.
      \nRER (Rough endoplasmic reticulum) has particles attached to its surface, called ribosomes. These ribosomes are the site for protein synthesis.<\/p>\n

      Question 7.
      \nHow does an Amoeba obtain its food?
      \nAnswer:
      \nAmoebaobtains its food through the process of endocytosis. The flexibility of the cell membrane enables the cell to engulf the solid particles of food and other materials from its external environment.
      \n\"NCERT<\/p>\n

      Question 8.
      \nWhat is osmosis?
      \nAnswer:
      \nThe movement of water molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis. It is a special case of diffusion, where the medium is water.<\/p>\n

      For example, if the medium surrounding the cell has a higher water concentration than the cell i.e., if the solution is a dilute solution, then the cell will gain water by osmosis.<\/p>\n

      \"NCERT<\/p>\n

      Question 9.
      \nCarry out the following osmosis experiment:
      \nTake four peeled potato halves and scoop each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water.
      \nNow-
      \n(a) Keep cup A empty
      \n(b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B
      \n(c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C
      \n(d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D.
      \nKeep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following:
      \n(i) Explain why water gathers in the hollowed portion of Band C.
      \n(ii) Why is potato A necessary for this experiment?
      \n(iii) Explain why water does not gather in the hollowed out portions of A and D.
      \nAnswer:
      \n(i) Water gathers in the hollowed portions of set-up B and C because water enters the potato as a result of osmosis. Since the medium surrounding the cell has a higher water concentration than the cell, the water moves inside by osmosis. Hence, water gathers in the hollowed portions of the potato cup.<\/p>\n

      (ii) Potato A in the experiment acts as a control set-up. No water gathers in the hollowed portions of potato A.<\/p>\n

      (iii) Water does not gather in the hollowed portions of potato A because potato cup A is empty. It is a control setup in the experiment.<\/p>\n

      Water is not able to enter potato D because the potato used here is boiled. Boiling denatures the. proteins present in the cell membrane and thus, disrupts the cell membrane. For osmosis, a semi-permeable membrane is required, which is disrupted in this case. Therefore, osmosis will not occur. Hence, water does not enter the boiled potato cup.<\/p>\n

      Class 9 Science Chapter 5 The Fundamental Unit of Life Additional Important Questions and Answers<\/span><\/h3>\n

      Multiple Choice Questions<\/span>
      \nChoose the correct option:<\/span><\/p>\n

      Question 1.
      \nWhich of the following can be made into crystal?
      \n(a) A Bacterium
      \n(b) An Amoeba
      \n(c) A Virus
      \n(d) A Sperm
      \nAnswer:
      \n(c) A Virus<\/p>\n

      Question 2.
      \nA cell will swell up if
      \n(a) The concentration of water molecules in the cell is higher than the concentration of water molecules in surrounding medium
      \n(b) The concentration of water molecules in surrounding medium is higher than water molecules concentration in the cell
      \n(c) The concentration of water molecules is same in the cell and in the surrounding medium
      \n(d) Concentration of water molecules does not matter
      \nAnswer:
      \n(b) The concentration of water molecules in surrounding medium is higher than water molecules concentration in the cell<\/p>\n

      Question 3.
      \nChromosomes are made up of
      \n(a) DNA
      \n(b) protein
      \n(c) DNA and protein
      \n(d) RNA
      \nAnswer:
      \n(c) DNA and protein<\/p>\n

      \"NCERT<\/p>\n

      Question 4.
      \nWhich of these options are not a function of Ribosomes?
      \n(i) It helps in manufacture of protein molecules
      \n(ii) It helps in manufacture of enzymes
      \n(iii) It helps in manufacture of hormones
      \n(iv) It helps in manufacture of starch mol\u00acecules
      \n(a) (i) and (ii)
      \n(b) (ii) and (iii)
      \n(c) (iii) and (iv)
      \n(d) (iv) and (i)
      \nAnswer:
      \n(c) (iii) and (iv)<\/p>\n

      Question 5.
      \nWhich of these is not related to endoplasmic reticulum?
      \n(a) It behaves as transport channel for proteins between nucleus and cytoplasm
      \n(b) It transports materials between various regions in cytoplasm
      \n(c) It can be the site of energy generation
      \n(d) It can be the site for some biochemical activities of the cell
      \nAnswer:
      \n(c) It can be the site of energy generation<\/p>\n

      Question 6.
      \nFollowing are a few definitions of osmosis Read carefully and select the correct definition
      \n(a) Movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane
      \n(b) Movement of solvent molecules from its higher concentration to lower concentration
      \n(c) Movement of solvent molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration of solution through a permeable membrane
      \n(d) Movement of solute molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration of solution through a semipermeable membrane
      \nAnswer:
      \n(a) Movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane<\/p>\n

      Question 7.
      \nPlasmolysis in a plant cell is defined as
      \n(a) break down (lysis ) of plasma membrane in hypotonic medium
      \n(b) shrinkage of cytoplasm in hypertonic medium
      \n(c) shrinkage of nucleoplasm
      \n(d) none of them
      \nAnswer:
      \n(b) shrinkage of cytoplasm in hypertonic medium<\/p>\n

      Question 8.
      \nWhich of the following are covered by a single membrane?
      \n(a) Mitochondria
      \n(b) Vacuole
      \n(c) Lysosome
      \n(d) Plastid
      \nAnswer:
      \n(b) Vacuole<\/p>\n

      \"NCERT<\/p>\n

      Question 9.
      \nFind out the false sentences
      \n(a) Golgi apparatus is involved with the formation of lysosomes
      \n(b) Nucleus, mitochondria and plastid have DNA; hence they are able to make their own structural proteins
      \n(c) Mitochondria is said to be the powerhouse of the cell as ATP is generated in them.
      \n(d) Cytoplasm is called as protoplasm
      \nAnswer:
      \n(a) Golgi apparatus is involved with the formation of lysosomes<\/p>\n

      Question 10.
      \nFind out the correct sentence
      \n(a) Enzymes packed in Lysosomes are made through RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum)
      \n(b) Rough endoplasmic reticulum and
      \nsmooth endoplasmic reticulum produce lipid and protein respectively
      \n(c) Endoplasmic reticulum is related with the destruction of plasma membrane
      \n(d) Nucleoid is present inside the nucleoplasm of eukaryotic nucleus
      \nAnswer:
      \n(a) Enzymes packed in Lysosomes are made through RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum)<\/p>\n

      Question 11.
      \nWhich cell organelle plays a crucial role in detoxifying many poisons and drugs in a cell?
      \n(a) Golgi apparatus
      \n(b) Lysosomes
      \n(c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
      \n(d) Vacuoles
      \nAnswer:
      \n(c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum<\/p>\n

      Question 12.
      \nThe proteins and lipids, essential for building the cell membrane, are manufactured by
      \n(a) rough endoplasmic reticulum
      \n(b) golgi apparatus
      \n(c) plasma membrane
      \n(d) mitochondria
      \nAnswer:
      \n(a) rough endoplasmic reticulum<\/p>\n

      Question 13.
      \nThe undefined nuclear region of prokaryotes are also known as
      \n(a) nucleus
      \n(b) nucleolus
      \n(c) nucleic acid
      \n(d) nucleoid
      \nAnswer:
      \n(d) nucleoid<\/p>\n

      Question 14.
      \nThe cell organelle involved in forming complex sugars from simple sugars are
      \n(a) endoplasmic reticulum
      \n(b) ribosomes
      \n(c) plastids
      \n(d) golgi apparatus
      \nAnswer:
      \n(d) golgi apparatus<\/p>\n

      Question 15.
      \nWhich out of the following is not a function of vacuole?
      \n(a) Storage
      \n(b) Providing turgidity and rigidity to the cell
      \n(c) Waste excretion
      \n(d) Locomotion
      \nAnswer:
      \n(d) Locomotion<\/p>\n

      \"NCERT<\/p>\n

      Question 16.
      \nAmoeba acquires its food through a process, termed
      \n(a) exocytosis
      \n(b) endocytosis
      \n(c) plasmolysis
      \n(d) exocytosis and endocytosis both
      \nAnswer:
      \n(b) endocytosis<\/p>\n

      Question 17.
      \nCell wall of which one of these is not made up of cellulose?
      \n(a) Bacteria
      \n(b) Hydrilla
      \n(c) Mango tree
      \n(d) Cactus
      \nAnswer:
      \n(a) Bacteria<\/p>\n

      Question 18.
      \nSilver nitrate solution is used to study
      \n(a) endoplasmic reticulum
      \n(b) golgi apparatus
      \n(c) nucleus
      \n(d) mitochondria
      \nAnswer:
      \n(b) golgi apparatus<\/p>\n

      Question 19.
      \nOrganelle other than nucleus, containing DNA is
      \n(a) endoplasmic reticulum
      \n(b) golgi apparatus
      \n(c) mitochondria
      \n(d) lysosome
      \nAnswer:
      \n(c) mitochondria<\/p>\n

      Question 20.
      \nKitchen of the cell is
      \n(a) mitochondria
      \n(b) endoplasmic reticulum
      \n(c) chloroplast
      \n(d) golgi apparatus
      \nAnswer:
      \n(c) chloroplast<\/p>\n

      Very Short Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

      Question 1.
      \nDefine a cell.
      \nAnswer:
      \nCell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of life.<\/p>\n

      Question 2.
      \nWhich is the outermost boundary of a plant cell?
      \nAnswer:
      \nThe cell wall is the outermost boundary of a plant cell.<\/p>\n

      \"NCERT<\/p>\n

      Question 3.
      \nWhich is the outermost boundary of an animal cell?
      \nAnswer:
      \nCell (Plasma) membrane is the outermost boundary of an animal cell.<\/p>\n

      Question 4.
      \nWhy do you use glycerine when preparing the temporary mount of a cell?
      \nAnswer:
      \nGlycerine is used to prevent the dehydration of cells.<\/p>\n

      Question 5.
      \nName the cell organelles found in a green plant cell but not in an animal cell.
      \nAnswer:
      \nChloroplast containing chlorophyll that imparts the green colour to a plant cell.<\/p>\n

      Question 6.
      \nHow is cell wall different from cell membrane?
      \nAnswer:
      \nCell wall found in plant cell, made up of cellulose is dead but cell membrane found in both plant and animal cell, made up of protein and phospholipids is living.<\/p>\n

      Question 7.
      \nHow will you identify the nucleus in the plant cell?
      \nAnswer:
      \nNucleus is the dark pink stained small round body found at the periphery or the cell in a safranin stained cells.<\/p>\n

      Question 8.
      \nHow do you identify the cytoplasm in an animal cell?
      \nAnswer:
      \nCytoplasm is the light blue stained surface in between nucleus and cell membrane, in a cell stained with methylene blue or light pink in a cell stained with safranin.<\/p>\n

      Question 9.
      \nWhy are cells in onion peel rectangular but check cells are irregular in shape?
      \nAnswer:
      \nOnion peel cells have rigid cell wall that imparts them a specific shape but cell membrane being flexible and elastic fails to provide it a definite shape.<\/p>\n

      Question 10.
      \nWhy a student needs to stain the cells when preparing temporary mount?
      \nAnswer:
      \nA student needs to stain the cells when preparing temporary mount to develop a contrast in its different parts.<\/p>\n

      \"NCERT<\/p>\n

      Question 11.
      \nWhich adjustment will you use in microscope to focus the image of the specimen?
      \nAnswer:
      \nTo focus the image of the specimen, the coarse adjustment is used by the student.<\/p>\n

      Question 12.
      \nWhich are the two main functions of a microscope?
      \nAnswer:
      \nA microscope both resolves and magnifies the image of the specimen.<\/p>\n

      Question 13.
      \nWhen you will observe less number of magnified and resolved cells of a temporary mount underflow power or high power?
      \nAnswer:
      \nUnder the high power of 40X or 45X<\/p>\n

      Question 14.
      \nWhich is the longest body cell?
      \nAnswer:
      \nA neuron is the longest body cell.<\/p>\n

      Question 15.
      \nWhich cell in the human body has the finest cell membrane?
      \nAnswer:
      \nRed blood cells in. the blood have the finest cell membrane.<\/p>\n

      Question 16.
      \nWhich cell in a plant is living but non-nucleated?
      \nAnswer:
      \nSieve cells present in the phloem are living but non-nucleated.<\/p>\n

      Question 17.
      \nName the largest and the smallest living cell.
      \nAnswer:
      \nAn ostrich egg is the largest living cell while the PPLO, (Pleuro pneumonia like organism) a mycoplasm is the smallest living cell.<\/p>\n

      Question 18.
      \nIn which cells the vacuoles are small and not much prominent?
      \nAnswer:
      \nAn animal cell.<\/p>\n

      \"NCERT<\/p>\n

      Question 19.
      \nWhich cell organelle is found both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
      \nAnswer:
      \nRibosome<\/p>\n

      Question 20.
      \nWhat are mesosomes?
      \nAnswer:
      \nThese are imaginations of plasma membrane found in prokaryotic cells. They are secretory in function and the site of cellular respiration.<\/p>\n

      Short Answer Questions<\/span><\/p>\n

      Question 1.
      \nState the contribution of Anton Von Leuween Hooke in developments that have taken place in field of cell biology.
      \nAnswer:
      \nAnton vop Leeuwen Hooke has observed the first living cell of unicellular organisms in a drop of pond water under his self built simple microscope. He is also considered as the pioneer of the simple microscope.<\/p>\n

      Question 2.
      \nDo all organisms have similar type of cells?
      \nAnswer:
      \nNo, all organisms do not have similar type of cells because the shape and size of the cell depends upon the function, a cell needs to perform. Therefore, some cells are oval, some are motile with cilia or flagella and some are long like muscle fibres or neuron.<\/p>\n

      Question 3.
      \nWhat are cell organelles? Give examples.
      \nAnswer:
      \nCell organelles are granule like structures found immersed in cell cytoplasm. Each cell organelle has a specific function to perform such as mitochondria is the seat of respiration and chloroplasts are the seat of photosynthesis in green plant cells.<\/p>\n

      Question 4.
      \nDefine the following terms: Protoplasm, Cytoplasm and Nucleoplasm.
      \nAnswer:
      \nProtoplasm includes all the living material found in a cell invested by thin cell membrane. It is comprised of the nucleus and cytoplasm.<\/p>\n

      Cytoplasm is the jelly like substance containing call organelles that is present in between the nucleus and cell membrane. The cytoplasm close to nucleus is in sol state while the cytoplasm close to cell membrane in gel state.<\/p>\n

      Nucleoplasm is the jelly like substance that is presentin the nucleus of a cell. The network of fibre like structure called chromatin material is found immersed r it along with different types of RNA.<\/p>\n

      Question 5.
      \nState the major postulates of cell theory.
      \nAnswer:
      \nThe major postulates of cell theory proposed by Schwan and Schleiden are:<\/p>\n