{"id":24601,"date":"2021-06-19T13:08:39","date_gmt":"2021-06-19T07:38:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/?p=24601"},"modified":"2021-06-19T13:08:39","modified_gmt":"2021-06-19T07:38:39","slug":"ncert-solutions-for-class-8-science-chapter-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/ncert-solutions-for-class-8-science-chapter-1\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management"},"content":{"rendered":"

These NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science<\/a> Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management Questions and Answers are prepared by our highly skilled subject experts to help students while preparing for their exams.<\/p>\n

Crop Production and Management NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 1<\/h2>\n

Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

Page 13-15<\/span><\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nSelect the correct word from the following list and fill in the blanks.
\nfloat, water, crop, nutrients, preparation
\na. The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called ……………….
\nb. The first step before growing crops is ………………. of the soil.
\nc. Damaged seeds would ………………. on top of water.
\nd. For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and ………………. and ………………. from the soil are essential.
\nAnswer:
\na. crop,
\nb. preparation,
\nc. float,
\nd. water, nutrients.<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nMatch items in column A with those in<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Column A<\/td>\nColumn B<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(i) Kharif crops<\/td>\n(a) Food for cattle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(ii) Rabi crops<\/td>\n(b) Ureaandsuper phosphate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(iii) Chemical fertilisers<\/td>\n(c) Animal excreta, cow dung, urine and plant waste<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(iv) Organic manure<\/td>\n(d) Sheat, gram, pea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n(e) Paddy and maize<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Answer:
\n(i) \u2192 (e),
\n(ii) \u2192 (d),
\n(iii) \u2192 (b),
\n(iv) \u2192 (c)<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nGive two examples of each:
\na. Kharif crop
\nb. Rabi crop
\nAnswer:
\na. Paddy and maize,
\nb. Wheat and mustard.<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nWrite a paragraph in your own words on each of the following.
\na. Preparation of soil
\nb. Sowing
\nc. Weeding
\nd. Threshing
\nAnswer:
\na. Preparation of soil: The basic step before the cultivation of a crop is the preparation of the soil. It involves loosening the soil resulting in deeper penetration of the roots. This process increases the growth of several microbial organisms, earthworms, etc., which enrich the soil with humus and other essential nutrients of the soil. Tilling of soil brings the rich nutrients of the soil to the top surface. Basically, plants require nutrients for their proper growth and functioning. The process of loosening the soil is called tilling or ploughing the soil. Ploughing takes place with the help of a bull and appropriate equipment like plough, hoe or cultivator. This helps the plants to completely utilise the nutrients obtained from the soil for their growth.<\/p>\n

b. Sowing: Sowing is an important process in the production of crops. The process of placing the seeds in the soil for the growth of the plants is sowing. Seed selection is important for better growth of the plant. The net production of the crop, i.e., yield is improved through sowing. It is done traditionally by a tool or a seed drill. The tool is funnel-shaped and was used traditionally for seed sowing in the soil. Nowadays, seed sowing is done through a tractor by the usage of seed drills. The seeds are dispersed uniformly in the soil through this tool and are sown at a particular depth. This new method of sowing is time-saving and also ensures seed protection from the birds.<\/p>\n

c. Weeding: The unwanted plants in the crops are called weeds. These weeds absorb the nutrients from the soil. So it is necessary to remove them. Weeds are either removed manually or by mechanical tools. The process of removal of weeds is called weeding. Some chemicals like 2,4-D are also used to kill the weeds. Weedicides are sprayed to get of weeds.<\/p>\n

d. Threshing: It is the process of separating the grains or seeds from chaff. This process takes place after the harvesting of the crop. It generally takes place with the help of a machine known as \u2018combine\u2019. This machine is a combination of both harvester and thresher. It cleans the harvested grains from chaff.<\/p>\n

\"NCERT<\/p>\n

Question 5.
\nExplain how fertilisers are different from manure.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Fertiliser<\/td>\nManure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1. Fertilisers are commercially available plant nutrients.<\/td>\n1. Manure is a natural substance prepared by the decomposition of animal excreta and plant wastes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. They can be organic or inorganic in nature.<\/td>\n2. Manure is known to have a large quantity of organic materials and very little amount of plant nutrients.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. They ensure healthy growth and development of plants by providing them with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.<\/td>\n3. They help in enriching the soil with organic matter and nutrients.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4. The addition of fertilisers to the soil requires special guidelines such as dose time, post addition precautions, etc., to be followed.<\/td>\n4. The addition of manure does not require any special guidelines.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5. A fertiliser does not provide any humus to the soil.<\/td>\n5. Manure provides humus to the soil and increases soil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6. Its excessive use causes water pollution. It cannot replenish the organic matter of soil.<\/td>\n6. It protects the environment and helps in recycling the farm waste.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Question 6.
\nWhat is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.
\nAnswer:
\nPlants need plenty of water to grow. Farmers need to supply water to the crops at regular intervals. This practice is called irrigation. Two methods of irrigation which conserve water are as follows:<\/p>\n

a. Sprinkler System: The sprinkler system is composed of a series of pipelines. Vertical sprinklers are fitted at suitable gaps on the pipes. Water is pushed through the pipes with the help of a pump. The nozzle of the sprinkler keeps on rotating. It results in a jet of water being sprinkled on plants. Sprinkler system is ideal for irrigation on uneven land.<\/p>\n

b. Drip Irrigation: In this system, pipes are laid near the base and along the queue of plants. The pipes have small holes at frequent gaps. The holes facilitate gradual dripping of water on the base of plants. This method is ideal for areas which are suffering from shortage of water.<\/p>\n

Question 7.
\nIf wheat is sown in the kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.
\nAnswer:
\nKharif come during rainy season hence it is not a wise idea to grow wheat in Kharif season. Crop of wheat requires moderate temperature, moderate amount of water and a long period of frost-free days. If wheat is grown in kharif season it may not grow properly because of very high temperature. Some of the plants may also get damaged due to flooding. This will result in poor yield.<\/p>\n

Question 8.
\nExplain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field.
\nAnswer:
\nWe know that plants take nutrients from the soil and thus exhaust the soil from most of the nutrients with passage of time. Thus, continuous plantation of crops in the field results in loss of fertility of the soil. The soil may become infertile in the long run because the soil does not get enough time to replenish its lost nutrients.<\/p>\n

Question 9.
\nWhat are weeds? How can we control them?
\nAnswer:
\nAny unwanted plant which grows along with crops is called weed. Removal of weeds is called weeding. Weeding is usually done manually by using a trowel. Weeds are also removed during ploughing. Weedicides are the chemicals which destroy weeds. 2, 4-D is an example of weedicide. Weedicides are sprayed before flowering and seeding in weeds.<\/p>\n

\"NCERT<\/p>\n

Question 10.
\nArrange the following boxes in proper order to make a flow chart of sugarcane crop production.
\n\"NCERT
\nAnswer:
\nFlow chart of the production:
\n\"NCERT<\/p>\n

Question 11.
\nComplete the following cross word puzzle with the help of clues given below.
\nDown
\n1. Providing water to the crops.
\n2. Keeping crop grains for a long time under proper conditions.
\n5. Certain plants of the same kind grown on a large scale.
\nAcross
\n3. A machine used for cutting the matured crop.
\n4. A rabi crop that is also one of the pulses.
\n6. A process of separating the grain from chaff.
\n\"NCERT
\nAnswer:
\n1. Irrigation
\n2. Storage
\n3. Harvester
\n4. Gram
\n5. Crop
\n6. Winnowing<\/p>\n

NCERT Extended Learning Activities and Projects<\/span><\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nSow some seeds in the soil and arrange to water them by drip irrigation. Observe daily.
\na. Do you think it can save water?
\nb. Note the changes in the seed.
\nHint:
\na. Yes, it will save water because in the drip irrigation method, pipes are laid near the base and along the queue of plants. The pipes have small holes at frequent gaps. The holes facilitate gradual dripping of water on the base of plants. This method is ideal for areas which are suffering from shortage of water.<\/p>\n

b. We can see the change in seed day by day. As long as we give proper care and sunlight to the seed, it grows properly. Adding manure\/fertiliser to the soil will help the seed to grow faster.<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nCollect different types of seeds and put them in small bags. Label them.
\nHint:
\nSeeds should be as dry as possible when you collect them. Pick a dry day when there isn’t too much wind as many seeds are very light and can easily be blown away.<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nCollect pictures of some other agricultural machines and paste them in a file. Write their names and uses.
\nHint:
\nThe following agricultural machines are used nowadays:
\nShredders and cutters, wheel tractor-scrapper, cotton harvester, tillage planter, drag harrow, sprayer.<\/p>\n

\"NCERT<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nVisit a farm, nursery or a garden nearby. Gather information about
\na. importance of seed selection.
\nb. method of irrigation.
\nc. effect of extreme cold and extreme hot weather on the plants.
\nd. effect of continuous rain on the plants.
\ne. fertilisers\/manure used.
\nHint:
\na. By removing the inferior seeds, the farmer is able to grow stronger and healthier seedlings. While seed selection is mainly aimed at obtaining healthier seeds, it can also be used to maintain and improve the quality of the crop variety. In a crop field, farmers may observe differences in traits between plants.<\/p>\n

b. There are two types of modem irrigation methods:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Sprinkler irrigation is a method of irrigation in which water is sprayed or sprinkled through the air in the form of rain-like drops.<\/li>\n
  2. In drip irrigation method, pipes are laid near the base and along the queue of plants. The pipes have small holes at frequent gaps. The holes facilitate gradual dripping of water on the base of plants.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    c. Extreme heat will slow down the growth and also increase moisture loss in the plants. The temperatures for optimal growth vary with the type of plant. Extremely hot or cold soil temperatures can also hamper the plant growth and seed germination.<\/p>\n

    d. Rainwater drains out nutrients and minerals that the plant needs to survive from the soil. If it rains continuously, the soil will lose its fertility and the plants won\u2019t get the required nutrients. Plants get destroyed due to excess of rain.<\/p>\n

    e. Fertilisers supply specific type of nutrients to the plant. Fertilisers are the chemicals which add minerals like potassium, phosphorus and nitrates to soil. They use manure because it is a cheap fertiliser and environment- friendly. Fertilisers are used because they increase crop production.<\/p>\n

    Activity 1<\/span><\/p>\n

    Objective: To observe the effect of manure and fertilisers on the growth of plants.
    \nMaterials Required: Three empty flower pots, soil, cow dung manure, urea fertiliser, water and some gram seeds.
    \nProcedure:<\/p>\n