{"id":2668,"date":"2021-07-23T09:15:01","date_gmt":"2021-07-23T03:45:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/?p=2668"},"modified":"2021-07-23T12:30:35","modified_gmt":"2021-07-23T07:00:35","slug":"ncert-solutions-for-class-11-economics-indian-economic-development-chapter-8-hindi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-economics-indian-economic-development-chapter-8-hindi\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 Infrastructure (Hindi Medium)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"color: #00ccff;\">NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 Infrastructure (Hindi Medium)<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>These Solutions are part of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-economics-hindi\/\">NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics<\/a>. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Developments Chapter 8 Infrastructure.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>(\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0947)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.1. \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong>\u00a0 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0938 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915, \u0930\u0947\u0932, \u092c\u0902\u0926\u0930\u0917\u093e\u0939, \u0939\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u0921\u094d\u0921\u0947, \u092c\u093e\u0901\u0927, \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0918\u0930, \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u0935 \u0917\u0948\u0938, \u092a\u093e\u0908\u092a \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928, \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932-\u0915\u0949\u0932\u0947\u091c \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e, \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e, \u0938\u092b\u093e\u0908, \u092a\u0947\u092f\u091c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0935 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.2. \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :\u00a0<\/strong>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0901\u091f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915\u0964 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0915) \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928, \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947\u0964 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0918\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0916) \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u093c \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0936\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.3. \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong> \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0935\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0915)<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0916)<\/strong> \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0939\u0926 \u0924\u0915 \u0924\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0940\u091c, \u0915\u0940\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915, \u0909\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0917)<\/strong> \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0918)<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0928\u092a\u0922\u093c \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0919)<\/strong> \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u092e \u0915\u0939 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u092a\u0942\u0901\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.4. \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong> \u0939\u093e\u0901, \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924 \u0939\u0942\u0901 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902-<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0916)<\/strong> \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0915)<\/strong> \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0915) \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935-\u00a0<\/strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0939\u0926 \u0924\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u091c\u0928\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0916)<\/strong> <strong>\u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935-\u00a0<\/strong>\u091c\u0932 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f, \u0938\u092b\u093e\u0908, \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928, \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093e\u0926, \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e, \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.5. \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0926\u092f\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0915) \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e-\u00a0<\/strong>2001 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 56% \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0939\u0948, 43% \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 -\u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 90% \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0935 \u0908\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0916) \u091c\u0932-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 24% \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 76% \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0941\u0906\u0901, \u091f\u0948\u0902\u0915, \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u092c, \u091d\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u0928\u0926\u0940, \u0928\u0939\u0930 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0917) \u0938\u092b\u093e\u0908-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 20% \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092b\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0925\u0940\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0918) \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u00a0<\/strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 70% \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 20% \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0916\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0906\u0927\u0947 \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 7 \u0932\u093e\u0916 \u092c\u0947\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 11% \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0902\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1986 \u092e\u0947\u0902 15 \u0938\u0947 2003 \u092e\u0947\u0902 24 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.6. \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0915)<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u092e \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0942\u0901\u0922 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0916)<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u0909\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0915, \u092c\u0940\u091c, \u0915\u0940\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0917)<\/strong> \u0918\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947, \u0930\u094b\u0936\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930-<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6179\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.ncert-solutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11-Economics-Indian-Economic-Development-Chapter-8-Hindi-Medium-1.png?resize=710%2C115&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 (Hindi Medium) 1\" width=\"710\" height=\"115\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6180\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.ncert-solutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11-Economics-Indian-Economic-Development-Chapter-8-Hindi-Medium-2.png?resize=708%2C115&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 (Hindi Medium) 2\" width=\"708\" height=\"115\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930.7, \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0915\u094c\u0928-\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0915)<\/strong> <strong>\u091c\u0932-\u00a0<\/strong>\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093e 28% \u0905\u0902\u0936 \u091c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0916)<\/strong> <strong>\u0924\u0947\u0932, \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u092f\u0932\u093e-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093e 70% \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0917)<\/strong> <strong>\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0925\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 2% \u0915\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.8. \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong> \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924-\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u091a\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 23% \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0915)<\/strong> \u0915\u0902\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0916)<\/strong> \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u094b\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0917)<\/strong> \u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0918)<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0919)<\/strong> \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.9. \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(\u0915)<\/strong> \u0917\u094b\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u0947<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0916)<\/strong> \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0905\u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0917)<\/strong> \u091c\u0932\u093e\u090a \u0932\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.10. \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong> \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0935\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0915\u091f\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.11. \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0906\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong> \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942, \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f, \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0906\u0926\u093f\u0964 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0915) \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e 65% \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u094b\u092f\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b 55% \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0924\u0947\u0932 (31%) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0948\u0938 (11%) \u0914\u0930, \u091c\u0932 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e (3%) \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0916) \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932\u093e\u090a \u0932\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940, \u0917\u093e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0917\u094b\u092c\u0930, \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0942\u0921\u093c\u093e-\u0915\u091a\u0930\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 30% \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0917) \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093f-\u00a0<\/strong>1953-54 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u091f \u0906\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 1953-54 \u0938\u0947 1996-97 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 10 \u0938\u0947 12% \u0915\u0940, \u0915\u0943\u0937\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 1% \u0938\u0947 9% \u0915\u0940, \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 40% \u0938\u0947 42% \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 5% \u0938\u0947 15% \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0906\u0908 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e 44% \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 22% \u0930\u0939 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6182\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/www.ncert-solutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11-Economics-Indian-Economic-Development-Chapter-8-Hindi-Medium-3.png?resize=542%2C243&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 (Hindi Medium) 3\" width=\"542\" height=\"243\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.12. \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0926\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0935\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u0935\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0917 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0940\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0926\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f \u092c\u0901\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0917 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 | \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u092a\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6183\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.ncert-solutions.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11-Economics-Indian-Economic-Development-Chapter-8-Hindi-Medium-4.png?resize=404%2C387&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 (Hindi Medium) 4\" width=\"404\" height=\"387\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.13. \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902, \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0915)<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 2000-2012 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b 1 \u0932\u093e\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0935\u093e\u091f \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0916)<\/strong> \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f 500 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0913\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0917)<\/strong> \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0918)<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0901\u091a\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0919)<\/strong> \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.14. \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u091f\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936, \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923, \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0915)<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923-\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0930\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092f\u0902\u0938 \u090f\u0928\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940 \u0932\u093f\u092e\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0921, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0949\u0935\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092e\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0921, \u092f\u092e\u0941\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0949\u0935\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092e\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091f\u093e\u091f\u093e \u092a\u0949\u0935\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092e\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0925\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0930\u0939\u093e\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0916)<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f-\u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092b\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.15. \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong> \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0905\u091c\u0940\u092c \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0915)<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924\u093e\u092f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0939\u0947\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0916)<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0917)<\/strong> \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u092f\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 50% \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0918)<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0936\u093f\u0936\u0941 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0926\u0930, \u092e\u093e\u0924\u0943 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0926\u0930, \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0936\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0936\u0941 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0926\u0930 66 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f 1000 \u0936\u093f\u0936\u0941 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 43% \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0938\u0915\u0932 \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 1.4% \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.16. \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930 (GDB) \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong> \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.17, \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong> \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u092e\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0915) \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923-\u00a0<\/strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0916) \u0928\u0908-\u0928\u0908 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901-\u00a0<\/strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0913\u0930 \u0935\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0925\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u0939\u0948\u091c\u093e, \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0917, \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0926\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092c\u0942 \u092a\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924-\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0908 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0921\u094d\u0938, \u090f\u091a. \u0906\u0908. \u0935\u0940., \u0921\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0942 \u0906\u091c \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0917) \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u0939\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e 50% \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0930\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u093c\u094b\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u094b\u091d \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0918) \u0905\u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u092e\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0913\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0926\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0919) \u0926\u092f\u0928\u0940\u092f \u091c\u0928-\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f-\u00a0<\/strong>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u092d\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924-\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0926\u0942 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0927\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0926\u0935\u093e \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924-\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092f\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.18. \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong> \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f<br \/>\n<strong>(\u0915)<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0916)<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 2011 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 944 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0939\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 2001 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 2011 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 0.75% \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0917\u092f\u093e<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0917)<\/strong> 15-40 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u092f\u0941 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 50% \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u0923\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u094c\u0939 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092f\u0939 9% \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0918)<\/strong> \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.19. \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092c\u0924\u0932\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0920\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0907\u090f\u0964<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0920\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0915)<\/strong> <strong>\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u090f\u0921\u094d\u0938, \u0915\u0948\u0902\u0938\u0930, \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e-\u00a0<\/strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902, \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0916) \u092a\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928-\u00a0<\/strong>\u092a\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0917) \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b \u091c\u0932 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928-\u00a0<\/strong>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u2018\u0939\u092e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947\u0964 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b \u091c\u0932 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0924\u093f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0908 \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0909\u0920\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0937\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0918) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930-<\/strong>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0919) \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940-\u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0914\u0937\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e, \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0939\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u091a) \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0916\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0941\u092b\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902, \u0926\u0935\u093e\u0916\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u092b\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.20. \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0947\u0926 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u0942\u0936 (AYUSH) \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0906\u092f\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926<\/li>\n<li>\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/li>\n<li>\u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0940<\/li>\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e<\/li>\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927<\/li>\n<li>\u0939\u094b\u092e\u094d\u092f\u094b\u092a\u0948\u0925\u0940<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930.21. \u0939\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :<\/strong> \u0939\u092e, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0915) \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923-<\/strong> \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0947, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u092a\u0942\u0901\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0916) \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0905\u092e\u0940\u0930, \u0917\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u0939\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0917) \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092f\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092f\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b \u091c\u0932, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0942\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n(\u0918) \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0906\u0908.\u091f\u0940. \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e-\u00a0<\/strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>Hope given\u00a0Indian Economic Developments Class 11 Solutions Chapter 8\u00a0are helpful to complete your homework.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 Infrastructure (Hindi Medium) These Solutions are part of\u00a0NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Developments Chapter 8 Infrastructure. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 (\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0947) \u092a\u094d\u0930.1. \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :\u00a0 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-economics-indian-economic-development-chapter-8-hindi\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 Infrastructure (Hindi Medium)<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":6915,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 Infrastructure (Hindi Medium) - NCERT Solutions<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-economics-indian-economic-development-chapter-8-hindi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 Infrastructure (Hindi Medium) - NCERT Solutions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 Infrastructure (Hindi Medium) These Solutions are part of\u00a0NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Developments Chapter 8 Infrastructure. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 (\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0947) \u092a\u094d\u0930.1. \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :\u00a0 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e &hellip; NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 Infrastructure (Hindi Medium) Read More &raquo;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-economics-indian-economic-development-chapter-8-hindi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"NCERT Solutions\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NCERTSolutionsGuru\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-23T03:45:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-07-23T07:00:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11-Economics-Indian-Economic-Development-Chapter-8-Infrastru.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ncertsolguru\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ncertsolguru\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Raju\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/#organization\",\"name\":\"NCERT Solutions\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NCERTSolutionsGuru\/\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/ncertsolutionsguru\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/ncertsolutionsguru\/\",\"https:\/\/in.pinterest.com\/ncertsolutionsguru\/\",\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Council_of_Educational_Research_and_Training\",\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ncertsolguru\"],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/ncertsolutions.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/NCERT-Solutions.png?fit=460%2C45&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/ncertsolutions.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/NCERT-Solutions.png?fit=460%2C45&ssl=1\",\"width\":460,\"height\":45,\"caption\":\"NCERT Solutions\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/\",\"name\":\"NCERT Solutions\",\"description\":\"NCERT Solutions for Class 1 to 12\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-economics-indian-economic-development-chapter-8-hindi\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ncertsolutions.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11-Economics-Indian-Economic-Development-Chapter-8-Infrastru.png?fit=1280%2C720&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ncertsolutions.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11-Economics-Indian-Economic-Development-Chapter-8-Infrastru.png?fit=1280%2C720&ssl=1\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":720,\"caption\":\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 Infrastructure (Hindi Medium)\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-economics-indian-economic-development-chapter-8-hindi\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-economics-indian-economic-development-chapter-8-hindi\/\",\"name\":\"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 Infrastructure (Hindi Medium) - 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Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Developments Chapter 8 Infrastructure. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 (\u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0947) \u092a\u094d\u0930.1. \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 :\u00a0 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e &hellip; NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 Infrastructure (Hindi Medium) Read More &raquo;","og_url":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-economics-indian-economic-development-chapter-8-hindi\/","og_site_name":"NCERT Solutions","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NCERTSolutionsGuru\/","article_published_time":"2021-07-23T03:45:01+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-07-23T07:00:35+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1280,"height":720,"url":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11-Economics-Indian-Economic-Development-Chapter-8-Infrastru.png","path":"\/home\/412375.cloudwaysapps.com\/bmvvpkvjjm\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11-Economics-Indian-Economic-Development-Chapter-8-Infrastru.png","size":"full","id":6915,"alt":"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 Infrastructure (Hindi Medium)","pixels":921600,"type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@ncertsolguru","twitter_site":"@ncertsolguru","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Raju","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/#organization","name":"NCERT Solutions","url":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/NCERTSolutionsGuru\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/ncertsolutionsguru\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/ncertsolutionsguru\/","https:\/\/in.pinterest.com\/ncertsolutionsguru\/","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Council_of_Educational_Research_and_Training","https:\/\/twitter.com\/ncertsolguru"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/#logo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/ncertsolutions.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/NCERT-Solutions.png?fit=460%2C45&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/ncertsolutions.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/NCERT-Solutions.png?fit=460%2C45&ssl=1","width":460,"height":45,"caption":"NCERT Solutions"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/#logo"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/","name":"NCERT Solutions","description":"NCERT Solutions for Class 1 to 12","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-economics-indian-economic-development-chapter-8-hindi\/#primaryimage","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ncertsolutions.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11-Economics-Indian-Economic-Development-Chapter-8-Infrastru.png?fit=1280%2C720&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ncertsolutions.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/NCERT-Solutions-for-Class-11-Economics-Indian-Economic-Development-Chapter-8-Infrastru.png?fit=1280%2C720&ssl=1","width":1280,"height":720,"caption":"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 Infrastructure (Hindi Medium)"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-economics-indian-economic-development-chapter-8-hindi\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/ncertsolutions.guru\/ncert-solutions-for-class-11-economics-indian-economic-development-chapter-8-hindi\/","name":"NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 8 Infrastructure (Hindi Medium) - 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